Physical Therapy and Exercise

Physical Therapy

Physical Therapy seeks to restore or maintain the ability to move. Therapies generally focus on reducing muscle tone, maintaining or improving range of motion and mobility, increasing strength and coordination, and improving comfort. Programs may also include treatments designed to prevent complications such as frozen joints, contractures (muscles that won’t stretch out) or bedsores.

Physical Therapists will assess joint motion, muscle strength and endurance, posture, pain, heart and lung function and performance of daily living activities to develop an individualized program. Therapies may include stretching, strengthening and aerobic exercises (see Exercise). They may also include gait training and appropriate use of assistive devices, such as canes, braces, and walkers (see Assistive Devices); balance and coordination activities; transfer training — such as how to get from bed to wheelchair or from wheelchair to car; and training in how to fall to minimize possible damage. They can also include techniques such as massage, ultrasound, electrical stimulation or whirlpool.

Sessions with a physical therapist generally last just a few months or less. Emphasis usually is on the establishment of a home program with periodic follow-up sessions.

Exercise

A balanced exercise program includes three types of exercise:

Stretching/Flexibility Exercises: slow, sustained lengthening of the muscle

Many experts consider stretching the most important exercise you can do. That’s because stretching improves flexibility – the ability to move the parts of your body through their full range of motion. Stretching also can reduce muscle spasticity and cramps and may also reduce problems such as tendonitis and bursitis.

To be effective, stretching routines must be done regularly, usually once or twice a day. Stretch as far as you can and hold the stretch for 10 seconds and then ease back. Each stretch should be performed slowly, with no sudden jerking or bouncing. Stretching also should be done before and after other exercises to prevent muscle strain and soreness and to help avoid injuries.

Aerobic Exercises: steady exercise using large muscle groups

Aerobic exercise strengthens your heart and lungs and improves your body’s ability to use oxygen. It also reduces fatigue, increases energy levels and helps you sleep better, control your weight, and lift your spirits.

It is generally recommended to gradually work up to three or four sessions per week, each lasting 15 to 60 minutes. Include a 5-minute warm-up (including stretching) before the activity and 5 to 10 minutes of a cool down (stretching and slower activity) afterwards. Walking, stationary bicycling, water exercises and chair exercises are excellent choices.

Strengthening Exercises: repeated muscle contractions until the muscle becomes tired

Strengthening exercises help increase muscle tone and improve the quality of muscles. This enhances mobility and provides energy and a positive sense of well-being.

Strong hip and leg muscles are needed to lift the legs to walk, and strong arm muscles are needed to carry out daily functions. Strong abdominal and back muscles help maintain correct posture and can counter pain resulting from poor gait, poor posture or the use of mobility aids.

Knowing which muscles need to be strengthened and how to perform the exercise without over-stressing the joints is important. A physical therapist, occupational therapist, and/or doctor can provide appropriate recommendations.

Tips to get started and keep you motivated in your physical therapy exercise program

Editor’s Note: You can read an article submitted by one of our community members (an Exercise Physiologist) at Patient Forum – Exercise and one regarding stretching at Patient Forum – Stretching.

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